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Background and Aim: There have been limited capacity-building activities on One Health in the Philippines. To contribute to capacity development in One Health, the authors conducted the first short course on One Health in the country for health, allied health, and collaborating professionals. This study aimed to review the preparation and implementation of the One Health course and describe the challenges and opportunities of conducting the course during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Material(s) and Method(s): The course curriculum was developed by a multidisciplinary group of experts. The objectives for the course were as follows: (1) Describe the concept, scope, and applications of One Health;(2) identify social and economic factors influencing food security and safety, control of zoonoses, and combating antimicrobial resistance;and (3) describe the challenges and opportunities in applying the One Health approach to achieve better public health outcomes. Recruitment of participants was based on predetermined criteria. The 3-day course was conducted online through Zoom. Pre and post-tests as well as the evaluation of the course were administered through Google forms. Result(s): The 3-day online course was attended by 136 participants from 15 of the 17 administrative regions of the country. A multidisciplinary group of experts delivered a total of 11 lectures divided into the following sessions: (1) Fundamentals of One Health;(2) Interrelatedness of Human, Animal, and Environmental Health;and (3) Applications of One Health. Conclusion(s): As the first One Health course in the Philippines, this 3-day course demonstrated the feasibility of conducting capacity-building on One Health for a multidisciplinary group of participants during the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic. It may serve as a model for similar and more in-depth courses on One Health for specific groups in the future and has set the stage for intersectoral communication and education, providing an avenue for collaboration for professionals in various disciplines, and facilitating the expansion of One Health network in the Philippines.Copyright © Ampo, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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COVID-19 forced Higher Education to take place virtually. The evaluation process was particularly sensitive, mainly if it involved written tests. Still, it posed an opportunity to revise learning activities and evaluations. The Aircraft Maintenance course at UPV was driven from a content-based evaluation toward a skill-based one, replacing an open-answer test with a thorough assignment. Student grades and surveys motivated the perpetuation of the activity once students were back in a classroom.
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The current pandemic due to Covid-19 and its consequent social distancing has accelerated the transformation of traditional education towards online education. However, this transformation has been adapted at a technological level, but not pedagogically. This study has aimed to analyze the acquisition of anatomical knowledge of CAFD students using videos and static images of surfing managed through a blog. A total of 106 students from the CAFD degree at the University of Murcia completed this work. In addition, an exam containing five questions on the anatomy applied to surfing was carried out to analyze the effect on learning after viewing the videos/images. After the statistical analysis, a percentage of correct answers of 66.0%, 51.9%, 62.3%, and 63.2% was observed for questions 1, 2, 4 and 5. This methodology, based essentially on an analysis of movement, allows a functional understanding of the anatomy of the locomotor system in the adventure sport of surfing. These results show a practical and novel methodology for the development of online teaching. Furthermore, they reveal the broad scope for improving the teaching of anatomy in CAFD through the combined use of new technologies.
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In the midst the COVID-19 pandemic, and given the imminence of oxygen shortages in Colombia, the Knowledge Management and Transfer Network, made up of 19 scientific societies, health institutions, and universities, generates an update to the document led by the Colombian Association of Critical Medicine and includes new evidence-informed guidelines for the rational management of oxygen therapy, as well as basic and advanced devices for oxygen therapy. The recommendations refer to five topics: goal-oriented rational use of oxygen, standardization of follow-up and dose adjustment, effective use of oxygen therapy devices, rational use of invasive mechanical ventilation, and rational use of extracorporeal oxygenation membrane therapy. When exercising their judgment, it is expected that professionals and care teams will take into account these guidelines to make rational and safe use of oxygen therapy and its basic and advanced devices, together with the individual needs and preferences of the people who are under their care. © 2021 Asociación Colombiana de Medicina Crítica y Cuidado lntensivo
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The BlackGEM array Phase I consists of three wide field, optical telescopes, located at the ESO La Silla Observatory, Chile. Each telescope is of a modified Dall-Kirkham design, using an 0.6m primary mirror and a 110 Mpix STA1600 CCD to give a 2.7 square degrees field-of-view sampled at 0.56 ''/pixel. Preliminary commissioning data shows performance on-par with design specifications. Data obtained with the BlackGEM prototype MeerLICHT highlights the capabilities of the design with a 5-sigma limiting magnitude of m(AB)=22.2 in 300s of integration under dark-sky conditions. Extrapolation to the 1 '' seeing-conditions expected at La Silla shows that the main goal of BlackGEM to probe down to m(AB)=23 in 300s can be met. The project suffered a 2-year COVID-19 delay. Commissioning of the array has currently been resumed and science operations are expected to start in Q3/Q4 of 2022. The science programs include the follow-up of gravitational wave alerts from LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA, a six-filter Southern Sky Survey, a Fast Synoptic Survey on selected fields, a Local Universe intra-night monitoring program and a inter-night single-band monitoring for slower transients.
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Background and importance A randomised clinical trial has demonstrated that baricitinib reduces the mortality of patients with SARS-CoV-2 that require hospitalisation. However, the evolution of biomarkers that predict the patients' outcome is not well described. Aim and objectives To analyse the evolution of biomarkers in hospitalised adults with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia treated with baricitinib. Material and methods We conducted a retrospective observational study in a tertiary university hospital (760 beds). We included 31 patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 between January and February 2021. All received baricitinib 4 mg daily for ≥5 days (2 mg daily if glomerular filtration <60 mL/ min). We evaluated five biomarkers: lymphocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Ddimer. The results were obtained on the day of admission (D +0) and on days 2 (D+2), 5 (D+5), 7 (D+7) and 10 (D +10) after starting baricitinib. A pharmacist was involved in the multidisciplinary team taking part in COVID-19 protocol drafting, validation of treatments, dose adjustments, interactions, and monitoring of adverse effects. The REDCap database was used for data collection and the G-STAT-2.0.1 for statistical analysis (paired t-test/Holm-Bonferroni correction). Results A total of 31 patients were included: 6 women and 25 men. Median age (IQR) was 64 (55;75) years. Main comorbidities were dyslipidaemia (39%), hypertension (35%), pulmonary disease (29%), diabetes (16%) and cardiopathy (16%). During admission, 15 (48%) received corticosteroids and 18 (58%) remdesivir, 7 (23%) needed high-flow oxygen, 5 (16%) required intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 2 (6%) died. Baseline biomarkers, as median (IQR), were: CRP 8.2 (5;11) mg/dL, ferritin 402 (176;794) ng/mL, LDH 280 (237;340) U/L, lymphocytes 0.6 (0.4;0.9) 109/L and D-dimer 500 (300;700) ng/mL. The change in the biomarkers is shown in Figure 1. There was a decrease in CRP which was statistically significant from D+5 (p=0.0144) onwards and an increase in lymphocyte count significant from D+2 (p=0.0148) onwards. LDH, ferritin and D-dimer did not significantly improve. No patient had thromboembolic complications or other adverse reactions associated with treatment. Conclusion and relevance Patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia treated with baricitinib showed a significant increase in lymphocyte counts as well as a significant decrease in CRP shortly after baricitinib treatment. This fact, together with the low mortality, and good tolerance supports the use of baricitinib for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Considering the relevance of actions to strengthen family farming as a strategy to overcome hunger, poverty and food insecurity, this article aims to understand how COVID-19 pandemic is impacting family farm markets at Vale do Rio Pardo region, indicating the challenges experienced in maintaining trade and the consequences for food supply. The research occurred between April and August of 2020, based on an exploratory methodology, with qualitative and quantitative data collection. The results indicate that the majority of local farmers markets remain active thanks to the mobilization of farmers to implement security measures both at personal level and at trading channel. There was also a positive performance by local governmental organizations vis-a-vis farming families, with no records of infection among people involved in the studied cases. The characterization and socio-spatial distribution of farmers markets in the region are an unprecedented and important result in setting an agenda for future research.
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SARS-CoV2-related infections have drawn the researchers’ attention to skin lesions. The motivation and purpose to present the cutaneous manifestations related to COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV2 and the prolonged use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) by health professionals. The aim of the study is performed a systematic review of studies and official documents were carried out, in order to explore and synthesize the evidences and recommendations about the cutaneous manifestations related to SARS-CoV2 and the use of PPE. An integrative literature review was carried out with a search on the VHL library (LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO). Articles from the period 2019 to june 2020 were included. In the results, 37 references were included, 10 original articles, 03 literature reviews and 24 other types of scientific publications. The conclusions demonstrated that the skin manifestations related to COVID-19 can be directly associated with the new SARS-CoV2, however it is necessary to have more conclusive studies. Skin lesions that have affected patients and frontline health professionals who need special care with the use of PPE. © 2022, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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In December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) was alerted to an increase in cases of pneumonia in the city of Wuhan in China, confirming that it was a respiratory infection caused by a new strain of coronavirus, previously unknown in humans. COVID-19, a disease caused by the coronavirus-SARS-CoV2, was declared pandemic by the WHO in March 2020, due to its rapid worldwide spread. The form of transmission of the disease occurs through droplets disseminated in the air, orally-fecally or by fomites. Studies show that the nosocomial spread of the virus may be responsible for the increase in the number of cases in some countries, which makes the use of individual protection equipment the measure of greater control of nosocomial infection. However, the increase in the consumption of these inputs in an indiscriminate manner can cause an unsustainable financial impact for hospital institutions. The purpose of this study is to show the partial results of the analysis of the costs of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in a philanthropic hospital in the inland city of Bahia, after the beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic. The results drew attention to the 33.13% increase in the hospital cost with personal protective equipment in the first quarter of 2020, which raises a concern regarding the institution's financial difficulty in maintaining the supply of these supplies. © 2022, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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A cross-sectional study was conducted on medical students at a private Peruvian university. The objective was to describe knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19 and the student’s perception of the role of media outlets and social media. 32% of students did not know that serological tests are preferable to molecular tests to diagnose COVID-19 in the first five days of illness;73% reported being willing to work as a volunteer during the pandemic, and 94% received false information regarding COVID-19 on social media. This study demonstrates that information regarding diagnostic tests should be reinforced and that the high percentage of students willing to volunteer during the COVID-19 pandemic should not be overlooked.
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The effects of the current health sanitary crisis have required extreme measures of social distancing people to be quarantined, to safeguard the health of the population having repercussions at every level of our daily life, including the way we create the pedagogical space. For these reasons, the pedagogical space has needed to move from a physical space to a virtual space of social interactions. From the cognitive neurosciences, the mental processes that are part of the learning phenomenon, (such as memory, attention, emotions, among others) and computations made by the nervous systems seem to be based on, and underlie the operations, including and that are carried out in the nervous system. Those that are taking part of the learning phenomenon (such as perception, memory, attention, emotion, sleep, stress, addiction on learning processes, among others). Our work;this paper seeks, aims to discuss the influence of the current crisis context may be having on the nervous system's way of processing, and operates;therefore, and consequently, on the cognitive processes that allow our students to learn. In order to achieve that, our work discusses the effects of perception, attention, memory formation, sleep, emotions, stress and addictions on learning, highlighting how the actual sanitary crisis and the future lifting lockdown influence those cognitive processes. We address these effects, especially from the perspective of the current health crisis and the consequences of a future lack of focus.
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Introduction and objectives. In many situations, such as confinement situations caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, it is not possible to administer psychological instruments in person, as originally contemplated in their development. However, the mode of administration can affect the psychometric properties of instrument scores. The PTSD Checklist (PCL) is one of the most widely used instruments for assessing the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in person. This study is the first research that has analyzed and compared the factorial structure, the internal consistency, the validity of contrasted groups, the diagnostic validity, and the nomological validity of scores on the PCL administered in person and by telephone. Material and methods. The PCL was administered in both application modes to a sample of 634 victims of terrorism along with a structured diagnostic interview and measures of depression and anxiety. Results. Scores on both administration modes of the PCL have the same unifactorial structure, excellent indexes of internal consistency (alpha > .90) and very good indexes of diagnostic validity to identify the PTSD (AUC > .90), discriminate significantly and with large effect sizes (d = 0.88-2.84) between victims with PTSD, with depressive or anxiety disorders and without disorders, and present significant and large correla-tions with measures of other constructs with which PTSD is closely related, namely depression and anxiety. Conclusions. The results suggest that the PCL can be administered over the telephone with the same psychometric guarantees as in person.
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Introduction: The global pandemic due to Covid-19 has constituded a challenge in the follow up and monitoring of cardiac rehabilitation's programs. The State of alarm declared last year in Spain, led to strict home confinement that could have had an impact in the progress of patients Aim: To analyze the effect of home confinement on the managment of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in patients included in phase III of a cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP) and also to evaluate the self-care education received during CRP. Methods and materials: Descriptive, comparative and retrospective analysis of patients in phase III of a CRP. The sample was divided into two groups: Post-Covid group (consecutive CRP patients with follow up one year after the cardiac event from 6/21/2020 [date of end of home confinement in Spain] to 12/31/2020) and Group Pre-Covid (consecutive CRP patients with follow up one year after the cardiac event from 6/21/2019 to 12/31/2019). Demographic and CVRF data from end of phase II consultation were compared with those from the phase III consultation (one year after the event) for both groups. The SPSS statistics v23 program was used for statistical analysis. Results: 283 patients, 137 patients from the pre-Covid group and 146 patients from the post-Covid group. No statistically significant differences were found between the two populations (Table 1). No statistically significant differences were found in the achievement of the CVRF target values: systolic blood pressure <140mmHg (94 vs 107;p=0.216), diastolic blood pressure <90mmHg (121 vs 130, p=0.276), LDL-c <70 mg/dl (86 (71.7%) vs 89 (73.6%);p=0.743), LDL-c <55 mg/dl (41 (34.2%) Vs 47 (38.8%);p=0.451), HbA1c figure <7% (106 vs 111;p=0.478), baseline fasting blood glucose <110 mg/dl (103 vs 107;p=0.970). Regarding the variation of the CVRF figures between the final consultation of phase III and that of phase II, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups: difference in LDL-c figure for phase III consultation with respect to phase II (-0.5±20.3 mg/dl in pre- Covid group vs -5.3±24.4 mg/dl in post-Covid group;p=0.102), difference in HDL-c (4.6±26.1 mg/dl pre-Covid group vs -0.6±24.9 mg/dl post-Covid group;p=0.113), difference in total cholesterol level (4.6±26.1 mg/dl vs -0.6±24.9 mg/dl;p=0.113), difference in HbA1c (0.1±0.3% in pre-Covid group vs 0.1±0.6% in group post-Covid), Table 2. Conclusions: Home confinement has not contribute to a worsening in CVRF control in patients in a phase III of a CRP, in our study. The education given in a CRP concerning to the management of CVRF is the essential factor that grant an adequate patient control in extraordinary circumstances. (Figure Presented).
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Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 has affected the whole world as a global health pandemic in 2020. A nationwide home confinement was declared in our country by beginning of March. Cardiac rehabilitation programs (CRP) had to adapt to new health requirements and the impact of these changes is unknown. Purpose: To analyse the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in improvement of cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) with maximal oxygen consumption uptake (VO2max) and control of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with cardiovascular established disease (coronary heart disease, heart failure or cardiac surgery) included in the phase II of our centre CRP. Methods: 510 consecutive patients were evaluated. A maximal CPET was performed for each patient from the beginning and at the end of phase II of CRP. Enrolled patients were divided in two groups: from March 2019 to March 2020 (before Covid pandemic) and second one, from the beginning of the pandemic in March 2020 until February 2021. Results: 296 patients were studied in preCovid group and 214 patients were studied in Covid group. There were no statistically significant differences between these two groups in reference to cardiovascular risk factors and medical treatment (Figure 1). 82.7% of patients completed a hospital-based program in preCovid group vs 36% in Covid (p=0.001). Comparing the percentage of patients that accomplished the risk factors control targets between pre- and Covid group, statistically significant differences have been seen referring to systolic BP <140mmHg (85.1 vs 95.4%, p=0.001) and cLDL <70 mg/dl (67.2 vs 77.7%, p=0.003). However, in terms of glucose control (fasting blood glucose <110 mg/dl: 78.4 vs 82.2%, p=0.612;HbA1c <7%: 90.7 vs 92.7%, p=0.464) and weight control (BMI: 27.8±4.69 kg/m2 vs 27.3±4.07 kg/m2, p=0.299) this could not be established. There were no differences in psychological attention demand (27 vs 23.3%, p=0.695). Statistical differences between two groups were found in terms of VO2max at the beginning phase II CPET (22.7±7 vs 20±5 ml/min/kg, p=0.006) and ending phase II CPET (24±7 vs 21±6, p=0.001). Nevertheless, no differences were found in the final phase II CPET improvement between both groups (1.4±4.1 ml/kg/min vs 0.81±2.9 ml/kg/min;p=0.221) (Figure 2). Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 changed our practice from an in-hospital based phase II CRP to a home-based phase II CRP. COVID-19 pandemic had no negative impact in the control of risk factors in our phase II patients. In our experience, despite preCovid phase II patients have a better functional capacity in terms of VO2max, the improvement in VO2max after phase II CRP persists in the SARS-CoV-2 era. This might show that an accurate structure of home-based program could also have great results. (Figure Presented).
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OBJECTIVE: Controversial results on remdesivir efficacy have been reported. We aimed to report our real-life experience with the use of remdesivir from its availability in Spain. METHODS: We performed a descriptive study of all patients admitted for ≥48 hours with confirmed COVID-19 who received remdesivir between the 1st of July and the 30th of September 2020. RESULTS: A total of 123 patients out of 242 admitted with COVID-19 at our hospital (50.8%) received remdesivir. Median age was 58 years, 61% were males and 56.9 % received at least one anti-inflammatory treatment. No adverse events requiring remdesivir discontinuation were reported. The need of intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation and 30-days mortality were 19.5%, 7.3% and 4.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In our real-life experience, the use of remdesivir in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was associated with a low mortality rate and good safety profile.
Subject(s)
Adenosine Monophosphate/analogs & derivatives , Alanine/analogs & derivatives , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , COVID-19 Drug Treatment , Inpatients , Adenosine Monophosphate/therapeutic use , Aged , Alanine/therapeutic use , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use , COVID-19/mortality , Cohort Studies , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Female , Hospital Mortality , Humans , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Male , Middle Aged , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Spain/epidemiology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to test the psychometric properties of the Spanish validation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) in a Paraguayan population. METHODS: Participants were recruited through an Internet-based survey. All participants whose scores in the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and The Fear Questionnaire (FQ) were greater than zero were included. 1245 subjects responded voluntarily: 1077 subjects, scoring >0, were considered. RESULTS: To establish construct validity of the FCV-19S, an exploratory factor analysis was performed using the KMO test, which was adequate, and the Bartlett sphericity test, which was significant (p <.0001). The CFI, NFI, GFI, TLI and RMSEA indices were used to evaluate the model and showed good adjustment. Cronbach's α showed valid internal consistency (α = 0.86). This validation was supported by significant correlation (p <.001) with the HADS scale for anxiety and depression and with the FQ scale for specific phobia. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the FCV-19S is a 7-item scale with two dimensions, psychological symptoms and physiological symptoms, which demonstrated robust psychometric properties in a Paraguayan population.